SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (
    265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 282, 297, 303, 
    318, 325
  )

Query time 0.00027

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "7.01"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "p_category_id"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "category_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 10,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`category_id` in (265,266,267,268,270,282,297,303,318,325))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "6.01",
        "eval_cost": "1.00",
        "prefix_cost": "7.01",
        "data_read_per_join": "26K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "id_path"
      ]
    }
  }
}