SELECT 
  SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS products.product_id, 
  descr1.product as product, 
  companies.company as company_name, 
  products.product_type, 
  products.parent_product_id, 
  IF(
    products.age_verification = 'Y', 
    'Y', 
    IF(
      cscart_categories.age_verification = 'Y', 
      'Y', cscart_categories.parent_age_verification
    )
  ) as need_age_verification, 
  IF(
    products.age_limit > cscart_categories.age_limit, 
    IF(
      products.age_limit > cscart_categories.parent_age_limit, 
      products.age_limit, cscart_categories.parent_age_limit
    ), 
    IF(
      cscart_categories.age_limit > cscart_categories.parent_age_limit, 
      cscart_categories.age_limit, cscart_categories.parent_age_limit
    )
  ) as age_limit 
FROM 
  cscart_products as products 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_descriptions as descr1 ON descr1.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND descr1.lang_code = 'en' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_prices as prices ON prices.product_id = products.product_id 
  AND prices.lower_limit = 1 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_companies AS companies ON companies.company_id = products.company_id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_products_categories as products_categories ON products_categories.product_id = products.product_id 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = products_categories.category_id 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND cscart_categories.category_id IN (
    277, 289, 290, 295, 317, 318, 319, 320, 
    321
  ) 
  AND companies.status IN ('A') 
  AND (
    products.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, products.usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, products.usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND products.status IN ('A') 
  AND prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
  AND products.parent_product_id = 0 
GROUP BY 
  products.product_id 
ORDER BY 
  products.timestamp desc, 
  products.product_id ASC 
LIMIT 
  0, 48

Query time 0.00647

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "11.31"
    },
    "ordering_operation": {
      "using_filesort": true,
      "grouping_operation": {
        "using_temporary_table": true,
        "using_filesort": false,
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_categories",
              "access_type": "range",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "c_status",
                "p_category_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "category_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 9,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "4.00",
              "index_condition": "(`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`category_id` in (277,289,290,295,317,318,319,320,321))",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "6.27",
                "eval_cost": "0.04",
                "prefix_cost": "6.31",
                "data_read_per_join": "961"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "category_id",
                "storefront_id",
                "usergroup_ids",
                "status",
                "age_verification",
                "age_limit",
                "parent_age_verification",
                "parent_age_limit"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "(((`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')) and (`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "pt"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "category_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "wearethehelpful_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 26,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 9,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "using_index": true,
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.15",
                "eval_cost": "0.94",
                "prefix_cost": "7.39",
                "data_read_per_join": "149"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "category_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "status",
                "idx_parent_product_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "wearethehelpful_scalesta_net.products_categories.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 1,
              "filtered": "16.25",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "2.34",
                "eval_cost": "0.15",
                "prefix_cost": "10.67",
                "data_read_per_join": "6K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "product_type",
                "status",
                "company_id",
                "timestamp",
                "usergroup_ids",
                "age_verification",
                "age_limit",
                "parent_product_id"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "((`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`products`.`parent_product_id` = 0) and ((`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`products`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`products`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`products`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`products`.`status` = 'A'))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "companies",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "company_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "4",
              "ref": [
                "wearethehelpful_scalesta_net.products.company_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "10.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.38",
                "eval_cost": "0.02",
                "prefix_cost": "11.20",
                "data_read_per_join": "1K"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "company_id",
                "status",
                "company"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "(`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`companies`.`status` = 'A')"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "prices",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "usergroup",
                "product_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "key": "product_id",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key_length": "3",
              "ref": [
                "wearethehelpful_scalesta_net.products_categories.product_id"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "99.58",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.04",
                "eval_cost": "0.02",
                "prefix_cost": "11.25",
                "data_read_per_join": "3"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "attached_condition": "((`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,0,1)))"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "descr1",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": [
                "PRIMARY",
                "product_id"
              ],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "used_key_parts": [
                "product_id",
                "lang_code"
              ],
              "key_length": "9",
              "ref": [
                "wearethehelpful_scalesta_net.products_categories.product_id",
                "const"
              ],
              "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
              "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
              "filtered": "100.00",
              "cost_info": {
                "read_cost": "0.04",
                "eval_cost": "0.02",
                "prefix_cost": "11.31",
                "data_read_per_join": "707"
              },
              "used_columns": [
                "product_id",
                "lang_code",
                "product"
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}