SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    1909, 1145, 1127, 1126, 1125, 1124, 1123, 
    1111, 1110, 1109, 1108, 1107, 1053, 
    1051, 1050, 1049, 1048, 960, 959, 958, 
    957, 941, 940, 939, 929, 928, 927, 919, 
    918, 917, 517, 516, 515, 424, 423, 422, 
    421, 420, 419, 373, 351, 350
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00060

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "29.41"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 42,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
        "filtered": "19.94",
        "index_condition": "(`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (1909,1145,1127,1126,1125,1124,1123,1111,1110,1109,1108,1107,1053,1051,1050,1049,1048,960,959,958,957,941,940,939,929,928,927,919,918,917,517,516,515,424,423,422,421,420,419,373,351,350))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "28.57",
          "eval_cost": "0.84",
          "prefix_cost": "29.41",
          "data_read_per_join": "201"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`wearethehelpful_scalesta_net`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}